這篇文章主要介紹了Spring Data JPA 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)多表關(guān)聯(lián)查詢,具有一定借鑒價(jià)值,感興趣的朋友可以參考下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后大有收獲,下面讓小編帶著大家一起了解一下。
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多表查詢?cè)趕pring data jpa中有兩種實(shí)現(xiàn)方式,第一種是利用hibernate的級(jí)聯(lián)查詢來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),第二種是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)結(jié)果集的接口來(lái)接收連表查詢后的結(jié)果,這里介紹第二種方式。
一、一對(duì)一映射
實(shí)體 UserInfo :用戶。
實(shí)體 Address:家庭住址。
這里通過(guò)外鍵的方式(一個(gè)實(shí)體通過(guò)外鍵關(guān)聯(lián)到另一個(gè)實(shí)體的主鍵)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)一對(duì)一關(guān)聯(lián)。
實(shí)體類
1、實(shí)體類 UserInfo.java
package com.johnfnash.learn.domain; import java.io.Serializable; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table; @Entity @Table(name="tb_user") public class UserInfo implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 8283950216116626180L; @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long userId; private String name; private int age; private String sex; private String email; // 與 Address 的關(guān)聯(lián) private Long addressId; public UserInfo() { super(); } public UserInfo(String name, int age, String sex, String email, Long addressId) { super(); this.name = name; this.age = age; this.sex = sex; this.email = email; this.addressId = addressId; } // getter, setter @Override public String toString() { return String.format("UserInfo [userId=%d, name=%s, age=%s, sex=%s, email=%s]", userId, name, age, sex, email); } }
2. 實(shí)體類 Address.java
package com.johnfnash.learn.domain; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table; @Entity @Table(name = "tb_address") public class Address { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long addressId; private String areaCode; private String country; private String province; private String city; private String area; private String detailAddress; public Address() { super(); } public Address(String areaCode, String country, String province, String city, String area, String detailAddress) { super(); this.areaCode = areaCode; this.country = country; this.province = province; this.city = city; this.area = area; this.detailAddress = detailAddress; } // getter, setter @Override public String toString() { return "Address [addressId=" + addressId + ", areaCode=" + areaCode + ", country=" + country + ", province=" + province + ", city=" + city + ", area=" + area + ", detailAddress=" + detailAddress + "]"; } }
Dao 層
1、UserInfoRepository.java
package com.johnfnash.learn.repository; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query; import com.johnfnash.learn.domain.UserInfo; import com.johnfnash.learn.domain.ViewInfo; public interface UserInfoRepository extends JpaRepository<UserInfo, Long> { @Query(value = "SELECT new com.johnfnash.learn.domain.ViewInfo(u, a) FROM UserInfo u, Address a WHERE u.addressId = a.addressId") public List<ViewInfo> findViewInfo(); }
注:這里的 ViewInfo 類用來(lái)一個(gè)用來(lái)接收多表查詢結(jié)果集的類(使用 new + 完整類名構(gòu)造函數(shù))
代碼如下:
package com.johnfnash.learn.domain; import java.io.Serializable; public class ViewInfo implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = -6347911007178390219L; private UserInfo userInfo; private Address address; public ViewInfo() { } public ViewInfo(UserInfo userInfo) { Address address = new Address(); this.userInfo = userInfo; this.address = address; } public ViewInfo(Address address) { UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo(); this.userInfo = userInfo; this.address = address; } public ViewInfo(UserInfo userInfo, Address address) { this.userInfo = userInfo; this.address = address; } // getter, setter }
2. AddressRepository.java
package com.johnfnash.learn.repository; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import com.johnfnash.learn.domain.Address; public interface AddressRepository extends JpaRepository<Address, Long> { }
測(cè)試代碼
package com.johnfnash.learn; import java.util.List; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import com.johnfnash.learn.domain.Address; import com.johnfnash.learn.domain.UserInfo; import com.johnfnash.learn.domain.ViewInfo; import com.johnfnash.learn.repository.AddressRepository; import com.johnfnash.learn.repository.UserInfoRepository; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class UserInfoRepositoryTests { @Autowired private UserInfoRepository userInfoRepository; @Autowired private AddressRepository addressRepository; @Before public void init() { Address addr1 = new Address("027","CN","HuBei", "WuHan","WuChang", "123 street"); Address addr2 = new Address("023","CN","ChongQing", "ChongQing","YuBei", "123 road"); addressRepository.save(addr1); addressRepository.save(addr2); UserInfo user1 = new UserInfo("ZS", 21,"Male","123@xx.com", addr1.getAddressId()); UserInfo user2 = new UserInfo("Ww", 25,"Male","234@xx.com", addr2.getAddressId()); userInfoRepository.save(user1); userInfoRepository.save(user2); } @After public void deleteAll() { userInfoRepository.deleteAll(); addressRepository.deleteAll(); } @Test public void testQuery() { List<ViewInfo> viewInfos = userInfoRepository.findViewInfo(); for (ViewInfo viewInfo : viewInfos) { System.out.println(viewInfo.getUserInfo()); System.out.println(viewInfo.getAddress()); } } }
查詢相關(guān)的 sql 如下:
Hibernate: select userinfo0_.user_id as col_0_0_, address1_.address_id as col_1_0_ from tb_user userinfo0_ cross join tb_address address1_ where userinfo0_.address_id=address1_.address_id Hibernate: select userinfo0_.user_id as user_id1_4_0_, userinfo0_.address_id as address_2_4_0_, userinfo0_.age as age3_4_0_, userinfo0_.email as email4_4_0_, userinfo0_.name as name5_4_0_, userinfo0_.sex as sex6_4_0_ from tb_user userinfo0_ where userinfo0_.user_id=? Hibernate: select address0_.address_id as address_1_3_0_, address0_.area as area2_3_0_, address0_.area_code as area_cod3_3_0_, address0_.city as city4_3_0_, address0_.country as country5_3_0_, address0_.detail_address as detail_a6_3_0_, address0_.province as province7_3_0_ from tb_address address0_ where address0_.address_id=? Hibernate: select userinfo0_.user_id as user_id1_4_0_, userinfo0_.address_id as address_2_4_0_, userinfo0_.age as age3_4_0_, userinfo0_.email as email4_4_0_, userinfo0_.name as name5_4_0_, userinfo0_.sex as sex6_4_0_ from tb_user userinfo0_ where userinfo0_.user_id=? Hibernate: select address0_.address_id as address_1_3_0_, address0_.area as area2_3_0_, address0_.area_code as area_cod3_3_0_, address0_.city as city4_3_0_, address0_.country as country5_3_0_, address0_.detail_address as detail_a6_3_0_, address0_.province as province7_3_0_ from tb_address address0_ where address0_.address_id=? Hibernate: select userinfo0_.user_id as user_id1_4_, userinfo0_.address_id as address_2_4_, userinfo0_.age as age3_4_, userinfo0_.email as email4_4_, userinfo0_.name as name5_4_, userinfo0_.sex as sex6_4_ from tb_user userinfo0_ Hibernate: select address0_.address_id as address_1_3_, address0_.area as area2_3_, address0_.area_code as area_cod3_3_, address0_.city as city4_3_, address0_.country as country5_3_, address0_.detail_address as detail_a6_3_, address0_.province as province7_3_ from tb_address address0_
查詢結(jié)果如下:
UserInfo [userId=1, name=ZS, age=21, sex=Male, email=123@xx.com]
Address [addressId=1, areaCode=027, country=CN, province=HuBei, city=WuHan, area=WuChang, detailAddress=123 street]
UserInfo [userId=2, name=Ww, age=25, sex=Male, email=234@xx.com]
Address [addressId=2, areaCode=023, country=CN, province=ChongQing, city=ChongQing, area=YuBei, detailAddress=123 road]
二、多對(duì)多映射
實(shí)體 Author :作者。
實(shí)體 Book :書籍
這里通過(guò)關(guān)聯(lián)表的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)多對(duì)多關(guān)聯(lián)。
實(shí)體類
實(shí)體類:Author.java
package com.johnfnash.learn.domain; import java.io.Serializable; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; @Entity public class Author implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1227555837798655046L; @Id @GeneratedValue private Integer id; private String name; public Author() { super(); } public Author(String name) { super(); this.name = name; } // getter, setter @Override public String toString() { return String.format("Author [id=%s, name=%s]", id, name); } }
Book.java 實(shí)體類
package com.johnfnash.learn.domain; import java.io.Serializable; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; @Entity public class Book implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = -2470510857424220408L; @Id @GeneratedValue private Integer id; private String name; public Book() { super(); } public Book(String name) { super(); this.name = name; } //getter, setter @Override public String toString() { return String.format("Book [id=%s, name=%s]", id, name); } }
實(shí)體類BookAuthor.java
package com.johnfnash.learn.domain; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.IdClass; import javax.persistence.Table; @Entity @IdClass(BookAuthorPK.class) @Table(name = "book_author") public class BookAuthor { @Id private Integer bookId; @Id private Integer authorId; public BookAuthor() { super(); } public BookAuthor(Integer bookId, Integer authorId) { super(); this.bookId = bookId; this.authorId = authorId; } // getter, setter }
注:這里使用 @IdClass 注解指定一個(gè)聯(lián)合主鍵類來(lái)映射實(shí)體類的多個(gè)屬性。這個(gè)聯(lián)合主鍵類的代碼如下:
package com.johnfnash.learn.domain; import java.io.Serializable; public class BookAuthorPK implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = -1158141803682305656L; private Integer bookId; private Integer authorId; public Integer getBookId() { return bookId; } public void setBookId(Integer bookId) { this.bookId = bookId; } public Integer getAuthorId() { return authorId; } public void setAuthorId(Integer authorId) { this.authorId = authorId; } }
Dao 層
BookRepository.java
package com.johnfnash.learn.repository; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query; import com.johnfnash.learn.domain.Book; public interface BookRepository extends JpaRepository<Book, Integer> { @Query(nativeQuery = true, value = "SELECT b.id, b.name, GROUP_CONCAT(a.name) as authorName from book b, author a, book_author ba" + " where b.id = ba.book_id and a.id = ba.author_id and b.name like ?1 group by b.id, b.name") List<Object[]> findByNameContaining(String name); }
注:
1)這里使用 nativeQuery = true 指定使用原生 SQL 進(jìn)行查詢(個(gè)人覺(jué)得復(fù)雜的查詢使用原生SQL更好
2)這里使用了 MySQL 的內(nèi)置函數(shù) GROUP_CONCAT 進(jìn)行行轉(zhuǎn)列, HQL 無(wú)法直接識(shí)別??赡軙?huì)出現(xiàn) Caused by: org.hibernate.QueryException: No data type for node: org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.tree.MethodNode 的錯(cuò)誤
JpaRepository.java
package com.johnfnash.learn.repository; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import com.johnfnash.learn.domain.Author; public interface AuthorRepository extends JpaRepository<Author, Integer> { }
BookAuthorRepository.java
package com.johnfnash.learn.repository; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import com.johnfnash.learn.domain.BookAuthor; public interface BookAuthorRepository extends JpaRepository<BookAuthor, Integer> { }
測(cè)試代碼
package com.johnfnash.learn; import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals; import java.util.List; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import com.johnfnash.learn.domain.Author; import com.johnfnash.learn.domain.Book; import com.johnfnash.learn.domain.BookAuthor; import com.johnfnash.learn.repository.AuthorRepository; import com.johnfnash.learn.repository.BookAuthorRepository; import com.johnfnash.learn.repository.BookRepository; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class BookRepositoryTests { @Autowired private BookRepository bookRepository; @Autowired private AuthorRepository authorRepository; @Autowired private BookAuthorRepository bookAuthorRepository; @Before public void init() { Author lewis = new Author("Lewis"); Author mark = new Author("Mark"); Author peter = new Author("Peter"); authorRepository.save(lewis); authorRepository.save(mark); authorRepository.save(peter); Book spring = new Book("Spring in Action"); Book springboot = new Book("Spring Boot in Action"); bookRepository.save(spring); bookRepository.save(springboot); bookAuthorRepository.save(new BookAuthor(spring.getId(), lewis.getId())); bookAuthorRepository.save(new BookAuthor(spring.getId(), mark.getId())); bookAuthorRepository.save(new BookAuthor(springboot.getId(), mark.getId())); bookAuthorRepository.save(new BookAuthor(springboot.getId(), peter.getId())); } @After public void deleteAll() { bookAuthorRepository.deleteAll(); bookRepository.deleteAll(); authorRepository.deleteAll(); } @Test public void findAll() { assertEquals(bookRepository.findAll().size(), 2); assertEquals(authorRepository.findAll().size(), 3); List<Object[]> books = bookRepository.findByNameContaining("Spring%"); for (Object[] book : books) { for (Object object : book) { System.out.print(object + ", "); } System.out.println(); } } }
執(zhí)行 findAll 方法后,查詢的相關(guān) SQL 如下:
Hibernate: SELECT b.id, b.name, GROUP_CONCAT(a.name) as authorName from book b, author a, book_author ba where b.id = ba.book_id and a.id = ba.author_id and b.name like ? group by b.id, b.name
輸出的結(jié)果如下:
3652, Spring in Action, Lewis,Mark,
3653, Spring Boot in Action, Mark,Peter,
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